Oral tori in a sample of the Spanish university students: prevalence and morphology

نویسندگان

  • Virginia Galera
  • Josefa María Moreno
  • Esperanza Gutiérrez
چکیده

Oral tori are an enlargement of the osseous tissue in different parts of the upper and lower maxillaries. Oral tori were studied in a Spanish sample of 278 university students, from both sexes, and age between 18 and 39 years. Presence or absence and morphological variability (analysis of their location, degree of development, form, and symmetry) of the oral tori were the topics of this research. A high prevalence with no sexual dimorphism was found for the three oral tori in the Spanish student population (torus palatinus 44.3%, torus maxillaris 50.7%, torus mandibularis 54.7%). Only 20.3% of the individuals had all the three tori. The torus palatinus was well developed in 52.9% of the individuals; it had a non-lobular form, and its more frequent location was in the middle or middle-posterior palate. The torus maxillaris was symmetric with respect to both sides of the maxilla, and asymmetric with respect to the buccal and lingual surfaces on the same side. All showed simple form on the buccal surface, and multiple on the lingual one. The location was middle-posterior on the buccal surface, and posterior on the lingual one. The torus mandibularis was symmetric, and had the greater degree of expression. In all the cases, the location was middle, and the most frequent form was multiple. The analysis of the world distribution of the prevalence leads us to reject the traditional notion that the oral tori occur with more frequency in populations from the Arctic and Sub-arctic regions, and to support the idea of the genetic origin as the main factor for the etiology of these tori. Key word Torus palatinus; torus mandibularis; torus maxillaris; Spanish population. Resumo Os tori orais são espessamentos do tecido ósseo que ocorre em diferentes partes do maxilar e da mandíbula. Estes caracteres discretos foram estudados em 278 estudantes universitários espanhóis, de ambos os sexos, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 39 anos. Os tópicos da investigação foram o estudo da sua presença ou ausência e da variabilidade morfológica (análise da localização, do grau de desenvolvimento, da forma e da simetria). Na amostra não foi enconVirginia Galera, Josefa María Moreno, Esperanza Gutiérrez Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Alcalá 28871 Alcalá de Henares, (Madrid) España [email protected] Antropologia Portuguesa 20/21, 2003/2004: 281-305 282 Virginia Galera, Josefa María Moreno, Esperanza Gutiérrez trado dimorfismo sexual nos três tori orais estudados (torus palatinus 44.3%, torus maxillaris 50.7%, torus mandibularis 54.7%). Somente 20,3% dos indivíduos apresentavam todos os tori. O torus palatinus encontrava-se bem desenvolvido em 52,9% dos indivíduos e tinha uma forma não lobular, sendo mais frequente na parte média ou na média-posterior do palato. O torus maxillaris era simétrico no maxilar e assimétrico nas superfícies bucal e lingual do mesmo lado. Todos mostraram uma forma simples na superfície bucal e múltipla na lingual. A sua localização era média-posterior na superfície bucal e posterior na lingual. Quanto ao torus mandibularis apresentava-se simétrico e com elevado grau de desenvolvimento. Em todos os casos tinha localização medial e a forma múltipla era a mais frequente. A análise da distribuição mundial relativamente à sua prevalência leva-nos a rejeitar a hipótese tradicional de que os tori orais ocorrem com maior frequência nas populações das regiões árticas e subárticas mas corroboram a hipótese de uma origem genética como factor mais importante para a sua etiologia. Palavras-chave Torus palatinus; torus mandibularis; torus maxillaris; população espanhola.

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تاریخ انتشار 2011